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United States__ In the United States, two organizations are responsible for certification of subspecialists within the field: the American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine. Physicians (not only internists) that successfully pass board exams get "board certified" status, and, as of 2011, earn on average an 88.8% higher salary in the USA.[9][10] American Board of Internal Medicine__ The following are the subspecialties recognized by the American Board of Internal Medicine.[11] Adolescent medicine Cardiology, dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels Clinical cardiac electrophysiology Critical care medicine Endocrinology, dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones Gastroenterology, concerned with the field of digestive diseases Geriatric medicine Hematology, concerned with blood, the blood-forming organs and its disorders. Hospital medicine Infectious disease, concerned with disease caused by a biological agent such as by a virus, bacterium or parasite Interventional cardiology Medical oncology, dealing with the chemotherapeutic (chemical) treatment of cancer Nephrology, dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney Pulmonology, dealing with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract Rheumatology, devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. Sleep medicine Sports medicine Transplant hepatology Internists may also specialize in "allergy" and "immunology." The American Board of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology is a conjoint board between internal medicine and pediatrics. American College of Osteopathic Internists__ The American College of Osteopathic Internists recognizes the following subspecialties:[12] Allergy/Immunology Cardiology Critical care medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatric medicine Hematology/Oncology Infectious diseases Nuclear medicine Nephrology Pulmonology Rheumatology United Kingdom__ In the United Kingdom, the three medical Royal Colleges (the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow) are responsible for setting curricula and training programmes through the Joint Royal Colleges Postgraduate Training Board (JRCPTB), although the process is monitored and accredited by the General Medical Council (which also maintains the specialist register). Doctors who have completed medical school spend two years in foundation training completing a basic postgraduate curriculum. After two years of Core Medical Training (CT1/CT2) and attaining the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians, physicians commit to one of the medical specialties:[13] Acute medicine (with possible accreditations in stroke medicine or pre-hospital emergency medicine) Allergy Audiovestibular medicine Cardiology (with possible accreditation in stroke medicine) Clinical genetics Clinical neurophysiology Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (with possible accreditation in stroke medicine) Dermatology Endocrinology and diabetes mellitus Gastroenterology (with possible accreditation in hepatology) General (internal) medicine (with possible accreditation in metabolic medicine or stroke medicine) Genito-urinary medicine Geriatric medicine (with possible accreditation in stroke medicine) Hematology Immunology Infectious diseases Medical oncology (clinical or radiation oncology falls under the Royal College of Radiologists, although entry is through CMT and MRCP is required) Medical ophthalmology Neurology (with possible accreditation in stroke medicine) Nuclear medicine Pediatric cardiology (the only pediatric subspecialty not under the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) Palliative medicine Pharmaceutical medicine Rehabilitation medicine (with possible accreditation in stroke medicine) Renal medicine Respiratory medicine Rheumatology Sport and exercise medicine Tropical medicine Many training programmes provide dual accreditation with general (internal) medicine and are involved in the general care to hospitalized patients. These are acute medicine, cardiology, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, endocrinology and diabetes mellitus, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, renal medicine, respiratory medicine and (often) rheumatology. The role of general medicine, after a period of decline, was reemphasized by the Royal College of Physicians of London report from the Future Hospital Commission (2013).[14] |
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