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Giurgea's nootropic criteria: Enhances learning and memory. Enhances learned behaviors under conditions which are known to disrupt them (e.g. hypoxia (oxygen deficiency)). Protects the brain from physical or chemical injury. Enhances the tonic cortical/subcortical control mechanisms Exhibits few side effects and extremely low toxicity, while lacking the pharmacology of typical psychotropic drugs (motor stimulation, sedation, etc.). Since Giurgea's original criteria were first published, there has been little agreement as to what truly constitutes a nootropic compound. The most well defined criteria to date was established by Skondia in 1979. Skondia uses a metabolic approach, taking into account the pharmacological mode of action. |
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