|
Ligands and modulators of the AMPA receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, are being researched for a myriad of conditions, from Alzheimer's to ADHD. Although there are many AMPAkines being researched, those mentioned here show signs of entering the market in the near future. Other notable drugs with AMPA-modulating activity include aniracetam and tianeptine. CX-717—pending FDA approval for memory-impairing illnesses and ADHD IDRA-21—believed to improve memory by significantly enhancing long-term potentiation but used only in animals; incredibly potent LY-503,430—under development for Parkinson's but showing increase in BDNF, specifically in areas of memory and higher cognitive skills cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a secondary messenger that may improve certain aspects of memory if increased. Common research tools for this purpose include PDE4 inhibitors, which prevents cAMP catabolism, and forskolin, a stimulator of adenylate cyclase. Forskolin—stimulates adenylate cyclase[52] Propentofylline—nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with some neuroenhancement Rolipram—PDE4 inhibitor, shows alertness enhancement, long term memory improvement and neuroprotection Mesembrine—PDE4-inhibitor with possible serotonergic activity Other α2A receptors are concentrated heavily in the prefrontal cortex and the locus coeruleus, with the potential to improve attention abilities via modulating post-synaptic α2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex.[53] Guanfacine is an α2A receptor agonist, FDA approved the treatment of ADHD.[54][55] Guanfacine has been found to strengthen working memory, reduce distractibility, improve response inhibition, increase regional cerebral blood flow, reduce locomotor hyperactivity, and improve attentional control in animal models, as well as enhance memory function in humans.[56] Another study found no effect on healthy male adult's executive functions and working memory, and small decrements on 2 tasks relating to the sedative effect of guanfacine.[57] PRL-8-53 is a potent hypermnesic drug that significantly increases long term memory with a currently unknown mechanism of action involving cholinergic and dopaminergic activation.[58][59] |
About us|Jobs|Help|Disclaimer|Advertising services|Contact us|Sign in|Website map|Search|
GMT+8, 2015-9-11 22:14 , Processed in 0.122709 second(s), 16 queries .
