|
Metabolic precursors—raise levels[medical citation needed] L-Phenylalanine—purported cognitive improvement[citation needed] L-Tyrosine (or N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, more bioavailable form)—purported cognitive improvement L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)—precursor to catecholamines (dopamine); neurotoxic effects documented[73][74][75] Biopterin—a vitamin (coenzyme) that is synthesized in the pineal gland[76] & crucial to the biosynthesis of dopamine Pyridoxal-phosphate (or PLP, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, P5P, active form of Vitamin B6)—cofactor for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme that decarboxylases L-DOPA, producing dopamine. Reuptake inhibitors—stabilize/improve levels[medical citation needed] Amineptine—mild stimulant Methylphenidate—stimulant approved for ADHD; potent NDRI and σ1 receptor agonist[77] Bupropion—atypical antidepressant; weak NDRI[78] and nicotinic antagonist[79] MAO-B inhibitors—prevent some catabolism of dopamine and β-PEA Selegiline—irreversible; amphetamine metabolites[80] Rasagiline—irreversible Rhodiola rosea—Adaptogenic herb; reversible[68] Dopamine agonists Ropinirole—agonist at D2, D3, and D4 receptors Pramipexole—agonist at D2, D3, and D4 receptors Amisulpride —atypical antipsychotic with higher affinity for the presynaptic Dopamine D2 receptor than postsynaptic, facilitating dopaminergic transmission in lower doses.[81] Others Mucuna pruriens (Velvet Bean)—natural source of L-DOPA Modafinil—purported dopaminergic activity that exhibits the criteria of a Nootropic Citicoline (INN) (aka: cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-Choline) & cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine)—studies suggest CDP-choline supplements partially prevent the loss of dopamine D2 receptors in aged mice,[82] and that CDP-choline supplementation ameliorates memory impairment caused by environmental conditions (in rats).[83] Preliminary research has found that citicoline may have potential in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.[84][85] |
About us|Jobs|Help|Disclaimer|Advertising services|Contact us|Sign in|Website map|Search|
GMT+8, 2015-9-11 22:14 , Processed in 0.126562 second(s), 16 queries .
