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Treatment for substance abuse is critical for many around the world. Often a formal intervention is necessary to convince the substance abuser to submit to any form of treatment. Behavioral interventions and medications exist that have helped many people reduce, or discontinue, their substance abuse. Psychological__ From the applied behavior analysis literature, behavioral psychology, and from randomized clinical trials, several evidenced based interventions have emerged: behavioral marital therapy, motivational Interviewing, community reinforcement approach, exposure therapy, contingency management[19][20] In children and adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)[21] and family therapy[22] currently have the most research evidence for the treatment of substance abuse problems. These treatments can be administered in a variety of different formats, each of which has varying levels of research support[23] Alcoholics Anonymous is one of the most widely known self-help organizations in which members support each other not to use alcohol.[citation needed] Social skills are significantly impaired in people suffering from alcoholism due to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol on the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex area of the brain.[24] It has been suggested that social skills training adjunctive to inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence is probably efficacious,[25] including managing the social environment. Medication__ Pharmacological therapy - A number of medications have been approved for the treatment of substance abuse.[26] These include replacement therapies such as buprenorphine and methadone as well as antagonist medications like disulfiram and naltrexone in either short acting, or the newer long acting form. Several other medications, often ones originally used in other contexts, have also been shown to be effective including bupropion and modafinil. Methadone and Buprenorphine are sometimes used to treat opiate addiction.[27] These drugs do not cure the addiction and still cause withdrawal symptoms.[medical citation needed] Antipsychotic medications have not been found to be useful.[28] |
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